Understanding carpal tunnel syndrome during menopause and perimenopause: what you need to know
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition resulting from compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel at the wrist. Although it can affect anyone, the condition is particularly common in women, especially during the menopause and perimenopause. This phenomenon is largely linked to the hormonal upheavals associated with this period of life. In this article, we’ll look at why menopause increases the risk of developing CTS, and what treatment options are available.
Why does menopause increase risk?
- Less tissue elasticity:Estrogen loss leads to tissue stiffness, including the tendons and ligaments surrounding the carpal tunnel.
- Increased inflammation: Lack of estrogen can lead to increased inflammation of tendons and ligaments in the wrist area.
- Accumulation of fibrosis and oedema:This inflammation can lead to increased volume in the carpal tunnel, exerting additional pressure on the median nerve and causing the characteristic symptoms of CTS.
Other factors influencing the risk of CTS :
- Early menopause and pregnancy: A high number of pregnancies and menopause occurring earlier than expected (before age 40) are factors associated with an increased risk of CTS, probably due to prolonged hormonal fluctuations.
- Effects of surgical menopause: Women who have undergone oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries) are at increased risk of CTS, due to the sudden drop in sex hormones, particularly estrogen.
What are the symptoms of CTS?
Postmenopausal women with CTS may experience typical symptoms, such as:
- Numbness and tingling in the fingers, especially at night.
- Radiating pain in the forearm, which can interfere with daily activities.
- Loss of hand strength, making simple gestures such as opening a jar or carrying objects more difficult.
These symptoms may worsen over time if the pressure on the median nerve is not relieved.
How is CTS diagnosed?
- Phalen test: This involves flexing the wrists for one minute. If this movement triggers symptoms, it may be a sign of CTS.
- Tinel test: this test involves gently tapping the median nerve. Tingling or discharge sensations in the fingers may also indicate CTS.
- Electromyography (EMG): To confirm the diagnosis, an EMG may be performed. It measures the electrical activity of nerves and muscles, and detects any abnormalities in nerve conduction typical of CTS.
Can CTS be prevented or treated?
Prevention
Although it is not always possible to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome, certain measures can reduce the risk:
- Maintain a healthy body weight: Excess weight can increase pressure on the carpal tunnel, aggravating symptoms.
- Avoid repetitive movements: repetitive movements, such as excessive use of the keyboard or mouse, increase pressure on the wrist and carpal tunnel.
- Strengthen wrist muscles: Exercises to strengthen wrist muscles and tendons can improve wrist stability and reduce pressure on the median nerve.
- Monitor wrist position at night: avoid extreme positions of wrist flexion or extension, which can cause tingling during the night.
Treatments
Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms:
Non-surgical :
- Wrist splints: keep the wrist in a neutral position and reduce pressure on the median nerve.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids: these drugs can help reduce inflammation and pain. Corticosteroid injections into the carpal tunnel can be effective in relieving symptoms.
Surgical :
- Carpal tunnel decompression surgery: in severe cases, when non-surgical treatments fail, surgery may be required to free the median nerve from compression, which can bring lasting relief.
Why is it important to consult?
If CTS symptoms are left untreated, permanent nerve damage can occur, leading to loss of sensitivity and motor skills in the hand. In the event of persistent symptoms, it is therefore crucial to consult a doctor for early diagnosis and to discuss appropriate treatments, in order to prevent any worsening of the condition.
IN CONCLUSION
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common pathology, particularly in post-menopausal women, and its onset is often linked to the hormonal changes associated with this period of life. Recognizing symptoms early and consulting a healthcare professional can greatly improve quality of life and avoid long-term complications. If you have any doubts or symptoms, we recommend that you consult a doctor to discuss suitable treatment options.
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